| 精 | [ jīng ] essence, extract, vitality, energy, semen, sperm, mythical goblin spirit, highly perfected, elite, the pick of sth, proficient (refined ability), extremely (fine), selected rice (archaic) |
| 精光 | [ jīng guāng ] nothing left (money, food etc), all finished, bright and shiny, radiant, glorious |
| 精兵 | [ jīng bīng ] elite troops |
| 精分 | [ jīng fēn ] schizophrenia (abbr. for 精神分裂) |
| 精利主義 | [ jīng lì zhǔ yì ] egoism masked by a veneer of urbanity (neologism c. 2012) (abbr. for 精緻的利己主義|精致的利己主义[jing1 zhi4 de5 li4 ji3 zhu3 yi4]) |
| 精力 | [ jīng lì ] energy |
| 精力充沛 | [ jīng lì chōng peì ] vigorous, energetic |
| 精品 | [ jīng pǐn ] quality goods, premium product, fine work (of art) |
| 精品店 | [ jīng pǐn diàn ] boutique |
| 精囊 | [ jīng náng ] spermatophore |
| 精妙 | [ jīng ] exquisite, fine and delicate (usu. of works of art) |
| 精子 | [ jīng zǐ ] sperm, spermatozoon |
| 精子密度 | [ jīng zǐ mì dù ] sperm concentration, often called sperm count |
| 精密 | [ jīng mì ] accuracy, exact, precise, refined |
| 精密儀器 | [ jīng mì yí qì ] precision instruments |
| 精密化 | [ jīng mì huà ] refinement, to add precision |
| 精密陶瓷 | [ jīng mì taó cí ] fine ceramics (used for dental implants, synthetic bones, electronics, knife blades etc), advanced ceramics, engineered ceramics |
| 精巢 | [ jīng chaó ] testes |
| 精工 | [ jīng gōng ] Seiko, Japanese watch and electronics company |
| 精工 | [ jīng gōng ] refined, delicate, exquisite (craftsmanship) |
| 精巧 | [ jīng ] elaborate |
| 精幹 | [ jīng gàn ] crack (troops), special (forces), highly capable |
| 精幹高效 | [ jīng gàn gaō ] top-notch efficiency |
| 精度 | [ jīng dù ] precision |
| 精彩 | [ jīng caǐ ] wonderful, marvelous, brilliant |
| 精微 | [ jīng weī ] subtle, profound |
| 精心 | [ jīng xīn ] with utmost care, fine, meticulous, detailed |
| 精怪 | [ jīng ] supernatural being (such as a demon, monster, ghost, spirit, gremlin etc) |
| 精打光 | [ jīng dǎ guāng ] with absolutely nothing, completely broke |
| 精打細算 | [ jīng dǎ xì suàn ] meticulous planning and careful accounting (idiom) |
| 精挑細選 | [ jīng xì xuǎn ] to select very carefully |
| 精於 | [ jīng yú ] skillful in, proficient in, adept at |
| 精於此道 | [ jīng yú cǐ daò ] to be proficient in the area of, skilled in this field |
| 精明 | [ jīng míng ] astute, shrewd |
| 精明強幹 | [ jīng míng qiáng gàn ] intelligent and capable (idiom) |
| 精明能幹 | [ jīng míng néng gàn ] able and efficient |
| 精校 | [ jīng ] to proofread meticulously (abbr. for 精確校對|精确校对[jing1 que4 jiao4 dui4]) |
| 精氣神 | [ jīng qì shén ] the three energies of Chinese medicine: 精[jing1], 氣|气[qi4], and 神[shen2] |
| 精氨酸 | [ jīng ān suān ] argnine (Arg), an essential amino acid |
| 精河 | [ jīng hé ] Jing Nahiyisi or Jinghe county in Börtala Mongol autonomous prefecture 博爾塔拉蒙古自治州|博尔塔拉蒙古自治州, Xinjiang |
| 精河縣 | [ jīng hé xiàn ] Jing Nahiyisi or Jinghe county in Börtala Mongol autonomous prefecture 博爾塔拉蒙古自治州|博尔塔拉蒙古自治州, Xinjiang |
| 精油 | [ jīng yoú ] essential oil |
| 精液 | [ jīng yè ] semen |
| 精深 | [ jīng shēn ] refined, profound |
| 精減 | [ jīng jiǎn ] to reduce, to pare down, to streamline |
| 精湛 | [ jīng zhàn ] consummate, exquisite |
| 精準 | [ jīng zhǔn ] accurate, exact, precise, precision |
| 精煉 | [ jīng liàn ] to refine (a substance), to purify, to refine (one's skills, writing etc), refined, polished, succinct, skilled, capable |
| 精煉廠 | [ jīng liàn chǎng ] refinery (of oil etc) |
| 精當 | [ jīng dàng ] precise and appropriate |
| 精疲力盡 | [ jīng pí lì jìn ] spirit weary, strength exhausted (idiom); spent, drained, washed out |
| 精疲力竭 | [ jīng pí lì jié ] spirit weary, strength exhausted (idiom); spent, drained, washed out |
| 精瘦 | [ jīng shoù ] (coll.) lean (figure, meat etc), slender |
| 精白 | [ jīng baí ] pure white, spotlessly white |
| 精益求精 | [ jīng yì qiú jīng ] to perfect sth that is already outstanding (idiom); constantly improving |
| 精盡人亡 | [ jīng jìn rén wáng ] to die from excessive ejaculation |
| 精研 | [ jīng yán ] to research carefully, to study intensively |
| 精確 | [ jīng què ] accurate, precise |
| 精確度 | [ jīng què dù ] accuracy, precision |
| 精礦 | [ jīng kuàng ] refined ore, concentrate |
| 精神 | [ jīng shén ] spirit, mind, consciousness, thought, mental, psychological, essence, gist, CL:個|个[ge4] |
| 精神 | [ jīng shen ] vigor, vitality, drive, spiritual |
| 精神健康 | [ jīng shén jiàn kāng ] mental health |
| 精神分析 | [ jīng shén fēn xī ] psychoanalysis |
| 精神分裂症 | [ jīng shén fēn liè zhèng ] schizophrenia |
| 精神奕奕 | [ jīng shén yì yì ] in great spirits, to have great vitality |
| 精神學 | [ jīng shén xué ] psychology |
| 精神學家 | [ jīng shén xué jiā ] psychologist |
| 精神官能症 | [ jīng shén guān néng zhèng ] neurosis |
| 精神崩潰 | [ jīng shén bēng kuì ] nervous breakdown |
| 精神性 | [ jīng shén xìng ] spirituality, mental, nervous, psychogenic |
| 精神性厭食症 | [ jīng shén xìng yàn shí zhèng ] anorexia nervosa |
| 精神恍惚 | [ jīng shén huǎng hū ] absent-minded, in a trance |
| 精神抖擻 | [ jīng shén doǔ soǔ ] spirit trembling with excitement (idiom); in high spirits, lively and full of enthusiasm, full of energy, con brio |
| 精神支柱 | [ jīng shén zhī zhù ] moral pillars, spiritual props |
| 精神文明 | [ jīng shén wén míng ] spiritual culture |
| 精神滿腹 | [ jīng shén mǎn fù ] full of wisdom (idiom); astute and widely experienced |
| 精神煥發 | [ jīng shén huàn fā ] in high spirits (idiom); glowing with health and vigor |
| 精神狀態 | [ jīng shén zhuàng taì ] mental state, psychological condition |
| 精神狂亂 | [ jīng shén kuáng luàn ] delirium, mental illness |
| 精神生活 | [ jīng shén shēng huó ] spiritual or moral life |
| 精神疾病 | [ jīng shén jí bìng ] mental illness |
| 精神病 | [ jīng shén bìng ] mental disorder, psychosis |
| 精神病學 | [ jīng shén bìng xué ] psychiatry |
| 精神病患 | [ jīng shén bìng huàn ] mental illness |
| 精神病醫院 | [ jīng shén bìng yī yuàn ] psychiatric hospital |
| 精神療法 | [ jīng shén fǎ ] psychotherapy, mental health treatment |
| 精神百倍 | [ jīng shén baǐ beì ] lit. vitality a hundredfold (idiom); refreshed, one's vigor thoroughly restored |
| 精神科 | [ jīng shén kē ] psychiatry |
| 精神科醫生 | [ jīng shén kē yī shēng ] psychiatrist |
| 精神藥物 | [ jīng shén yaò wù ] psychotropic drugs |
| 精神衰弱 | [ jīng shén ruò ] psychasthenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder |
| 精神訓話 | [ jīng shén xùn huà ] pep talk |
| 精神財富 | [ jīng shén caí fù ] spiritual wealth |
| 精神錯亂 | [ jīng shén cuò luàn ] insanity |
| 精神領袖 | [ jīng shén lǐng xiù ] spiritual leader (of a nation or church), religious leader |
| 精神飽滿 | [ jīng shén baǒ mǎn ] full of vigor (idiom), lively, in high spirits |
| 精算 | [ jīng suàn ] actuarial |
| 精算師 | [ jīng suàn shī ] actuary |
| 精簡 | [ jīng jiǎn ] to simplify, to reduce |
| 精簡開支 | [ jīng jiǎn kaī zhī ] to reduce spending, to cut spending |
| 精米 | [ jīng mǐ ] refined rice |
| 精粹 | [ jīng cuì ] succinct, pure and concise |
| 精糧 | [ jīng liáng ] refined grain (rice, wheat etc) |
| 精純 | [ jīng chún ] pure, unadulterated, exquisite |
| 精索 | [ jīng suǒ ] spermatic cord (anatomy) |
| 精索靜脈曲張 | [ jīng suǒ jìng maì qū zhāng ] varicocele (medicine) |
| 精細 | [ jīng xì ] fine, meticulous, careful |
| 精練 | [ jīng liàn ] (textiles) to scour, to degum (silk), variant of 精煉|精炼[jing1 lian4] |
| 精緻 | [ jīng zhì ] delicate, fine, exquisite, refined |
| 精緻露營 | [ jīng zhì lù yíng ] glamping (neologism c. 2019) |
| 精美 | [ jīng meǐ ] delicate, fine, refinement |
| 精義 | [ jīng yì ] quintessence, essentials |
| 精耕細作 | [ jīng gēng xì zuò ] intensive farming |
| 精良 | [ jīng liáng ] excellent, of superior quality |
| 精英 | [ jīng yīng ] cream, elite, essence, quintessence |
| 精華 | [ jīng huá ] best feature, most important part of an object, quintessence, essence, soul |
| 精蟲 | [ jīng chóng ] spermatozoon, spermatozoa |
| 精蟲衝腦 | [ jīng chóng chōng naǒ ] lit. the spermatozoons have gone to his head, fig. overwhelmed by lust |
| 精衛 | [ jīng weì ] mythological bird, reincarnation of drowned daughter Nüwa 女娃[Nu:3 wa2] of Fiery Emperor 炎帝[Yan2 di4] |
| 精衛填海 | [ jīng weì tián haǐ ] lit. mythical bird Jingwei tries to fill the ocean with stones (idiom); futile ambition, task of Sisyphus, determination in the face of impossible odds |
| 精裝 | [ jīng zhuāng ] hardcover (book), elaborately packaged, opposite: 簡裝|简装[jian3 zhuang1] |
| 精製 | [ jīng zhì ] refined |
| 精誠 | [ jīng chéng ] sincerity, absolute good faith |
| 精誠所加，金石為開 | [ jīng chéng suǒ jiā jīn shí weì kaī ] see 精誠所至，金石為開|精诚所至，金石为开[jing1 cheng2 suo3 zhi4 , jin1 shi2 wei4 kai1] |
| 精誠所至 | [ jīng chéng suǒ zhì ] no difficulty is insurmountable if one is sincere (idiom) |
| 精誠所至，金石為開 | [ jīng chéng suǒ zhì jīn shí weì kaī ] lit. metal and stone yield to power of sincerity (idiom), fig. no difficulty is insurmountable if one is sincere |
| 精講多練 | [ jīng jiǎng duō liàn ] to speak concisely and practice frequently (idiom) |
| 精讀 | [ jīng dú ] to read carefully and thoroughly, intensive reading |
| 精讀課 | [ jīng dú kè ] intensive reading course |
| 精通 | [ jīng tōng ] to be proficient in, to master (a subject) |
| 精進 | [ jīng jìn ] to forge ahead vigorously, to dedicate oneself to progress |
| 精選 | [ jīng xuǎn ] carefully chosen, handpicked, best of the bunch, choice (product), concentration (mining), to concentrate, to winnow |
| 精釀啤酒 | [ jīng niàng pí jiǔ ] craft beer |
| 精銳 | [ jīng ruì ] elite (e.g. troops), crack, best quality personnel |
| 精闢 | [ jīng pì ] clear and penetrating (e.g. analysis), incisive, insightful |
| 精障 | [ jīng zhàng ] mental disorder (abbr. for 精神障礙|精神障碍[jing1 shen2 zhang4 ai4]) (Tw) |
| 精雕細刻 | [ jīng xì kè ] lit. fine sculpting (idiom); fig. to work with extreme care and precision |
| 精靈 | [ jīng líng ] spirit, fairy, elf, sprite, genie |
| 精靈寶鑽 | [ jīng líng baǒ zuàn ] treasure of spirits, Silmarillion or Quenta Silmarillion by J.R.R. Tolkien 托爾金|托尔金 |
| 精靈文 | [ jīng líng wén ] Elvish (language of elves) |
| 精髓 | [ jīng suǐ ] marrow, pith, quintessence, essence |
| 精魂 | [ jīng hún ] spirit, soul |
| ⇒ 中國精密機械進出口公司 | [ zhōng guó jīng mì jī xiè jìn chū koǔ gōng sī ] China Precision Machinery Import-Export Corporation (CPMIEC) |
| ⇒ 人工授精 | [ rén gōng shoù jīng ] artificial insemination |
| ⇒ 人精 | [ rén jīng ] sophisticate, man with extensive experience, child prodigy, Wunderkind (i.e. brilliant child), spirit within a person (i.e. blood and essential breath 血氣|血气 of TCM) |
| ⇒ 儲精囊 | [ chǔ jīng náng ] seminal vesicle |
| ⇒ 全副精力 | [ quán fù jīng lì ] to concentrate entirely on sth, fully engaged, with full force |
| ⇒ 兵精糧足 | [ bīng jīng liáng zú ] elite soldiers, ample provisions (idiom); well-prepared forces, preparations for war are in an advanced state |
| ⇒ 創新精神 | [ chuàng xīn jīng shén ] creativity |
| ⇒ 創業精神 | [ chuàng yè jīng shén ] enterprising spirit, pioneering spirit |
| ⇒ 勵精圖治 | [ lì jīng tú zhì ] (of a ruler) to strive to make one's nation strong and prosperous (idiom) |
| ⇒ 博大精深 | [ bó dà jīng shēn ] wide-ranging and profound, broad and deep |
| ⇒ 博而不精 | [ bó ér bù jīng ] extensive but not refined (idiom); to know something about everything, jack-of-all-trades, master of none |
| ⇒ 卵精巢 | [ luǎn jīng chaó ] ovaries and testes |
| ⇒ 取其精華 | [ qǔ qí jīng huá ] to take the best, to absorb the essence |
| ⇒ 取其精華，去其糟粕 | [ qǔ qí jīng huá qù qí zaō pò ] take the cream, discard the dross (political and educational slogan), keep what is good, discard the rest, You need to be selective when studying., In modernizing the country, don't accept uncritically all foreign ideas. |
| ⇒ 受精 | [ shoù jīng ] to receive sperm, fertilized, insemination |
| ⇒ 受精卵 | [ shoù jīng luǎn ] fertilized ovum |
| ⇒ 受精囊 | [ shoù jīng náng ] seminal receptacle |
| ⇒ 古靈精怪 | [ gǔ líng jīng ] weird, bizarre |
| ⇒ 吞精 | [ tūn jīng ] to swallow semen |
| ⇒ 味精 | [ weì jīng ] monosodium glutamate (MSG) |
| ⇒ 團隊精神 | [ tuán duì jīng shén ] group mentality, collectivism, solidarity, team spirit |
| ⇒ 地精 | [ dì jīng ] gnome, goblin |
| ⇒ 契約精神 | [ qì yuē jīng shén ] culture of honoring contractual obligations |
| ⇒ 奶精 | [ naǐ jīng ] non-dairy creamer |
| ⇒ 妖精 | [ yaō jing ] evil spirit, alluring woman |
| ⇒ 子精 | [ zǐ jīng ] semen |
| ⇒ 害人精 | [ haì rén jīng ] goblin that kills or harms people, fig. wicked scoundrel, terrible pest |
| ⇒ 射精 | [ shè jīng ] ejaculation, to ejaculate |
| ⇒ 射精管 | [ shè jīng guǎn ] ejaculatory duct |
| ⇒ 小人精 | [ rén jīng ] exceptionally bright kid, child prodigy |
| ⇒ 小妖精 | [ yaō jīng ] goblin, hussy, floozy |
| ⇒ 小精靈 | [ jīng líng ] elf |
| ⇒ 屁精 | [ pì jīng ] (slang) gay, sissy, poof, abbr. for 馬屁精|马屁精[ma3 pi4 jing1] |
| ⇒ 戲精 | [ xì jīng ] (neologism c. 2017) melodramatic person, drama queen |
| ⇒ 抖擻精神 | [ doǔ soǔ jīng shén ] to gather one's spirits, to pull oneself together |
| ⇒ 抗精神病 | [ kàng jīng shén bìng ] antipsychotic (drug) |
| ⇒ 授精 | [ shoù jīng ] insemination |
| ⇒ 排骨精 | [ paí gǔ jīng ] (jocularly) anorexic girl, a bag of bones |
| ⇒ 提起精神 | [ tí qǐ jīng shen ] to raise one's spirits, to take courage |
| ⇒ 有精神病 | [ yoǔ jīng shén bìng ] insane |
| ⇒ 未受精 | [ weì shoù jīng ] unfertilized (of ova, not soil) |
| ⇒ 杠精 | [ gàng jīng ] (slang) (neologism c. 2018) argumentative person |
| ⇒ 柔軟精 | [ roú ruǎn jīng ] fabric softener (Tw) |
| ⇒ 業精於勤 | [ yè jīng yú qín ] mastery of study lies in diligence (idiom). You can only master a subject by assiduous study., Excellence in work is only possible with diligence., Practice makes perfect. |
| ⇒ 殫精極慮 | [ dān jīng jí lǜ ] to exhaust one's thoughts and ingenuity (idiom); to think sth through thoroughly, to rack one's brains, to leave no stone unturned |
| ⇒ 殫精竭慮 | [ dān jīng jié lǜ ] to exhaust one's thoughts and ingenuity (idiom); to think sth through thoroughly, to rack one's brains, to leave no stone unturned |
| ⇒ 汪精衛 | [ wāng jīng weì ] Wang Ching-wei (1883-1944), left-wing Guomingdang politician, subsequently Japanese collaborator |
| ⇒ 沒精打彩 | [ meí jīng dǎ caǐ ] listless, dispirited, washed out |
| ⇒ 沒精打采 | [ meí jīng dǎ caǐ ] listless, dispirited, washed out, also written 沒精打彩|没精打彩[mei2 jing1 da3 cai3] |
| ⇒ 洗潔精 | [ xǐ jié jīng ] dishwashing liquid |
| ⇒ 洗碗精 | [ xǐ wǎn jīng ] dishwashing liquid |
| ⇒ 洗髮精 | [ xǐ fà jīng ] shampoo |
| ⇒ 無精打彩 | [ wú jīng dǎ caǐ ] dull and colorless (idiom); lacking vitality, not lively |
| ⇒ 無精打采 | [ wú jīng dǎ caǐ ] dispirited and downcast (idiom); listless, in low spirits, washed out |
| ⇒ 無精症 | [ wú jīng zhèng ] azoospermia (medicine) |
| ⇒ 燕菜精 | [ yàn caì jīng ] agar-agar powder |
| ⇒ 物質文明和精神文明 | [ wù zhì wén míng hé jīng shén wén míng ] material and spiritual culture, matter and mind, material progress, ideology and culture (philosophic slogan, adopted into Deng Xiaoping theory from 1978) |
| ⇒ 狐狸精 | [ hú li jīng ] fox-spirit, vixen, witch, enchantress |
| ⇒ 猴兒精 | [ hoú jīng ] (dialect) shrewd, clever |
| ⇒ 瘦肉精 | [ shoù roù jīng ] leanness-enhancing agent (for livestock) |
| ⇒ 白骨精 | [ baí gǔ jīng ] White Bone Spirit (in the novel Journey to the West 西遊記|西游记[Xi1 you2 Ji4]), (fig.) sly and cunning person |
| ⇒ 短小精悍 | [ duǎn jīng hàn ] (of a person) short but plucky (idiom), (of an article) concise and forceful |
| ⇒ 矮小精悍 | [ aǐ jīng hàn ] short but intrepid (idiom) |
| ⇒ 礦油精 | [ kuàng yoú jīng ] mineral spirits |
| ⇒ 米精 | [ mǐ jīng ] rice cereal for infants (Tw) |
| ⇒ 精益求精 | [ jīng yì qiú jīng ] to perfect sth that is already outstanding (idiom); constantly improving |
| ⇒ 糊精 | [ hú jīng ] dextrin |
| ⇒ 糖精 | [ táng jīng ] saccharin |
| ⇒ 聚精會神 | [ jù jīng huì shén ] to concentrate one's attention (idiom) |
| ⇒ 芬多精 | [ fēn duō jīng ] phytoncide (biochemistry) |
| ⇒ 藍精靈 | [ lán jīng líng ] the Smurfs |
| ⇒ 藍精靈 | [ lán jīng líng ] Smurf |
| ⇒ 藍色小精靈 | [ lán sè jīng líng ] the Smurfs, Smurf |
| ⇒ 蛇精病 | [ shé jīng bìng ] (slang) (pun on 神經病|神经病[shen2 jing1 bing4]) crazy person, nutjob |
| ⇒ 蜂王精 | [ fēng wáng jīng ] royal jelly |
| ⇒ 親愛精誠 | [ qīn aì jīng chéng ] camaraderie |
| ⇒ 豬精 | [ zhū jīng ] pork bouillon powder, (neologism) (slang) a person who, like a pig, is fat and ugly and given to histrionics |
| ⇒ 輸精管 | [ shū jīng guǎn ] vas deferens |
| ⇒ 遺精 | [ yí jīng ] nocturnal emission, wet dream |
| ⇒ 酒精 | [ jiǔ jīng ] alcohol, ethanol CH3CH2OH, ethyl alcohol, also written 乙醇, grain alcohol |
| ⇒ 酒精中毒 | [ jiǔ jīng zhòng dú ] alcoholism, alcohol poisoning |
| ⇒ 酒精性 | [ jiǔ jīng xìng ] alcoholic (beverage) |
| ⇒ 酒精洗手液 | [ jiǔ jīng xǐ shoǔ yè ] alcohol-based hand sanitizer |
| ⇒ 酒精燈 | [ jiǔ jīng dēng ] spirit lamp |
| ⇒ 酒精飲料 | [ jiǔ jīng yǐn ] liquor |
| ⇒ 陰精 | [ yīn jīng ] sex fluids |
| ⇒ 雞精 | [ jī jīng ] chicken bouillon powder (PRC), essence of chicken, concentrated chicken stock sold as a tonic (Tw) |
| ⇒ 類精神分裂型人格違常 | [ leì jīng shén fēn liè xíng rén gé weí cháng ] schizoid personality disorder (SPD) |
| ⇒ 風油精 | [ fēng yoú jīng ] essential balm containing menthol, eucalyptus oil etc, used as a mosquito repellant |
| ⇒ 食不厭精，膾不厭細 | [ shí bù yàn jīng bù yàn xì ] lit. to eat but finely ground grain and finely chopped meat (idiom, from Analects), fig. to be fastidious about one's food |
| ⇒ 養精蓄銳 | [ yǎng jīng xù ruì ] to preserve and nurture one's spirit (idiom); honing one's strength for the big push |
| ⇒ 香精 | [ xiāng jīng ] seasoning, condiment, flavoring, dressing, essences |
| ⇒ 香草精 | [ xiāng caǒ jīng ] vanilla, vanilla extract, methyl vanillin C8H8O3 |
| ⇒ 馬屁精 | [ mǎ pì jīng ] toady, bootlicker |
| ⇒ 體外受精 | [ tǐ waì shoù jīng ] in vitro fertilization |
| ⇒ 體大思精 | [ tǐ dà sī jīng ] extensive and penetrating (idiom); expansive and profound (of writing) |
| ⇒ 高精度 | [ gaō jīng dù ] high precision |
| ⇒ 麥乳精 | [ maì rǔ jīng ] malt milk extract |
| ⇒ 麥芽糊精 | [ maì yá hú jīng ] maltodextrin |
| ⇒ 黃精 | [ huáng jīng ] King Solomon's seal (plant of genus Polygonatum) |
| ⇒ 龍馬精神 | [ lóng mǎ jīng shén ] old but still full of vitality (idiom) |
